The Election of 1968 Politics In a Turbulent Year

Care and Treatment for the Mentally Ill - 1967 Words

Care and treatment for the mentally ill is administered differently by modern standards compared to those of the nineteenth-century. Reasonably, the medications and understanding of the mind were not as advanced resulting, therefore, in a simple diagnoses for a much more complicated ailment. Despite some of the major differences between today and then, there is a consistent appreciation for examining the connection between patients and art. The value of this examination is even more beneficial when the patient is a trained artist like Richard Dadd. Richard Dadd (1817-1886) is known and recognized not only for his artistic contributions, but also because of the circumstances under which many of his works were created. As a trained artist, he was admitted to the Royal Academy at the age of twenty. His recognized talent led him to his association with Sir Thomas Phillips, whom he accompanied in 1842 on a trip traveling through Europe and the Middle East. It was during the end of this t rip, and upon his return home, that Dadd began experiencing his mental disturbances that led to the murder of his father. Without a trial, Dadd was classified as insane and placed in the care of Bethlem Hospital. Dadd spent the reminder of his life in hospital care until his death in 1886. During his hospitalized years Dadd, with the encouragement and allowance of his doctors, continued to create works of art from his sketches and memory. The mental illness that inflicted Richard Dadd did notShow MoreRelatedThe Shutdown Of Public Mental Health1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Bureau of Justice Statistics calculated that there were approximately 705,600 mentally ill adults incarcerated in state prisons, 78,800 mentally ill adults incarcerated in federal prisons, and 479,900 mentally ill adults incarcerated in local jails (â€Å"Mentally Ill†). In response to the increase in the number of incarcerations and news stories, people around the nation developed harmful stigmas towards mentally ill people. According to Sarah Glazer’s article entitled Prisoners and Mental IllnessRead MoreThe Treatment Of The Mentally Ill1581 Words   |  7 Pagesof dealing with the mentally ill by hiding those plagued, away in a prison cell to be forgotten. Despite the success of Dorothea Dix in solving the problems with adverse conditions in the prison system, we have come full circle and are currently back where we started over a century ago. There has been so much focus put on housing the mentally ill, we have all but forgotten about any type of treatment plans to help the overall growing problem. The handling of the mentally ill in the prison systemRead MoreThe Community Mental Health Centers Act Of 1963 Closed State Psychiatric Hospitals1191 Words   |  5 PagesThis negativity leads to the stigmatization and confinement of those who were mentally ill. The mentally ill were sent to mental hospitals that were unhealthy and dangerous. A push in the mid 1950s for deinsti tutionalization began because of activists lobbying for change. Dorothea Dix was one of these activists that helped push for change. The change called for more community oriented care rather than asylum based care. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 closed state psychiatric hospitalsRead MoreMental Illness Of The United States1506 Words   |  7 Pagesnation’s history, treatment for those deemed mentally ill was poor at best. Now seen as rather dark and cruel, those suffering from a mental illness were cast away from society. Those admitted were locked away within the confines of an insane asylum, where they were ruthlessly tortured; many never seeing signs of improvement and subsequently never seeing the freedoms that lie beyond the confines of the asylum. Thus it is not hard to believe that as awareness of this treatment spread, civil rightsRead MoreMental Asylums : The Benefits Of Mental Asylums1196 Words   |  5 Pagesextremely dangerous to both himself and others. This mentally ill man is kept locked away, so that he cannot hurt other people, which makes sense that he is in prison. Although not every mentally ill person is as sick as the Joker, they do need to be kept safe and given necessary treatment. These asylums that have been closed down, were the places these sick people could get their treatment. They were kept safe and thus able to receive the necessary treatment to keep both themselves and others safe. On oneRead MoreEssay Mentally Ill in Prison698 Words   |  3 Pagesfield about treatment of the mentally ill in the prison system. When a person with a mental illness commits a crime or break the law, they are immediately taken to jail or sent off to prison instead of being evaluated and placed in a hospital or other mental health facility. â€Å"I have always wondered if the number of mentally ill inmates increased since deinstitutionalization† Since prison main focus is on the crimes inmates are incarcerated; t he actual treatment needed for the mentally ill is secondaryRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness912 Words   |  4 Pagesillness affects many people throughout the United States each year. Some people classify it as any psychiatric disorder that is the cause of untypical behavior. Many years ago, doctors locked up mentally ill patients in mental institutions and basically forgot about them. Medical professionals housed the mentally ill in different corridors of the hospital. Sometimes, they stayed in isolation and were in some type of restraints. Once government officials realized that neglect was getting out of controlRead MoreEssay about In Demand of a New Reform, But How? 1703 Words   |  7 Pagesinsurance to be able to seek medical attention especially the Mentally Ill, a target group. Since the early years the closing of many state mental health institutions have been occurring around the United States, forcing millions of patients out in to the street and ending up in pr isons. An individual who has a metal health issue needs to be given a sort of treatment not punishment. The mentally ill are not receiving the adequate help and treatment that they deserve and need which causes them to get trappedRead MoreCriminalization Of The Mentally Ill1486 Words   |  6 PagesCriminalization of the Mentally Ill When discussing the criminalization of mentally ill persons within the prison system, it is important to know the history of mental illness in the prison system. In1841, Dorothea Dix began her Asylum Movement. She saw how deplorable the conditions were for mentally ill inmates in the prison system and insisted on change. The mental ill inmates were treated very poorly, being beaten, starved, and sexually abused. Dix brought her findings to the legislature of MassachusettsRead MoreThe Impact Of Mental Illnesses . Mental Illnesses Have1557 Words   |  7 Pagesmental Illness do not receive treatment, â€Å"Only 41% of adults in the U.S. with a mental health condition received mental health services in the past year. Among adults with a serious mental illness, 62.9% received mental health services in the past year† (Nami,org). This lack of treatment can result in violent outbreaks, people harming themselves, and many of the mentally ill ending up being homeless or in our correct ional institutions where they do not receive the treatment that they need. The deinstitutionalization

Symptoms, Causes, And Treatments Of Schizophrenia

Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Cassidy Echalico Florida State College at Jacksonville Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a stigmatized disease that labels victims as crazy. One percent of people develop schizophrenia in their lifetime; more than two million Americans suffer from schizophrenia in a given year (Spearing, 1999). Although schizophrenia affects men and women equally, it often appears earlier in men than in women; Men are generally affected in the late teens to early twenties and women are generally affected in the twenties to early thirties (Spearing, 1999). Schizophrenia is highly uncommon in children, affecting only about 1 in 40,000 in comparison to 1 in 100 in adults. Many of the victims do not realize they have schizophrenia until they have a first episode psychosis (Aas, Andreassen, Aminoff, Faerden, Romm, Nesvayeng, Berg, Simonsen, Agartz, and Melle. 2016). While many people only know the stereotyped effects of schizophrenia, a better understanding of the symptoms, causes, and possible treatments can clear many stigma s up. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, schizophrenia is a â€Å"chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves† (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Symptoms of schizophrenia include positive, negative, and cognitive affluences (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Positive symptoms include behaviors that are not seen inShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia And Its Symptoms, Causes, Treatments954 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a turbulent mental illness that many people throughout America are suffering from. The word schizophrenia comes from th One percent of America’s population is diagnosed with Schizophrenia each year. This mental disorder is more common in late teenagers and young adults ranging from the ages of 20 to 30. It is proven that this illness occurs in more young men than women. People who suffer from schizophrenia usually cannot have normal lives due to the disabling symptoms. ThisRead MoreSchizophrenia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. Patients experience progressive personality changes and a breakdown in their relationships with the outside world. They have disorganized and abnormal thinking, behavior and language and become emotionally unresponsive or withdrawn. â€Å"The first signs, usually only noticed in looking back on events, are likely to include an unexpected withdrawal of the degree or type of contact that the person used to have with family or school. The personRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Unique Mental Disorder?1335 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Reference Series, schizophrenia affects 1.1% of the US population and the majority of those who suffer with schizophrenia go untreated or are unaware that they even have the disorder. Approximately 2,200,000 people in the United States suffer from schizophrenia, and they have a lifespan 20% shorter than those who do not have schizophrenia (Fentress, Moller 1). Schizophrenia is a unique mental disorder that is made up of distinctive characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and requires specificRead MoreTreatment Options For Schizophreni Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1479 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment Through time, scientists and doctors have created various treatment options for schizophrenia based off scientific theories in their time. At one point physicians would perform brain surgery to remove a portion of brain from an individual suffering with schizophrenia that was responsible for the hallucinations and delusions the individual would experience. Although the surgery might have decreased the amount of hallucinations and delusions experienced by the individual, it led to cognitiveRead MoreThe Evolution Of Schizophrenia Treatment1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Schizophrenia Treatment Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder that causes a distortion of reality that is commonly known to have abnormalities of brain the brain structure coupled with unpredictable and strange emotions, behavior, and thinking. It accounts for the largest percentage of people hospitalized with a mental disorder. (#1) There are five main types of schizophrenia that have been observed. The first is the undifferentiated type which a patient lacks emotional depthRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Disorders992 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia While some may understand the concept of not having control over a specific disorder, fewer are able to imagine living with a disorder in which an altered perception of reality is created. â€Å"Schizophrenia is, in fact, a class of disorders that causes a distortion of reality to occur to its patients and effects the lives of many individuals to this day (Feldman, 2013). While this may fall into the large mix of other mental disorders, it is truly unlike any other because of the creationRead MoreA Research Paper on Schizophrenia984 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe, disabling and chronic disorder that affects people. Schizophrenia is diagnosed as a psychotic disorder. This is because a person suffering from schizophrenia cannot tell their own thoughts, perceptions, ideas, and imaginations from the reality. There is continuing debate and research as to whether schizophrenia is one condition or a combination of more than one syndrome that have related features. People suffering from schizophrenia may seemRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Mental Disease?1242 Words   |  5 Pages Schizophrenia A normal person is able to go about their day without any problems at all, however, for a person with schizophrenia, their day may be next to impossible. The voices playing throughout that person’s head all the time distracts them from their everyday activities. Their reality is much different than a person without this disorder. Schizophrenia is a mental disease that affects many and can become very serious if not handled correctly; if more research is done on this disease thenRead MoreA Brief Look at Schizophrenia1765 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia Socially the term Schizophrenia has a certain caricature about it that society has turned into a very serious social stigma. Many associate the disorder with criminals, nut houses, and extreme uncontrollable violence. Schizophrenia is portrayed in literature, and in movies so horrendously negative that those who experience symptoms of this very serious mental disorder can be in a stage of denial that can ultimately cause them to go undiagnosed, that is until something goes wrong.

Environmental Politics Ecosystems and Environment

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Politicsfor Ecosystems and Environment. Answer: Sustainability refers to the survival of the systems and processes. In general terms, sustainability can be defined as the ability of the ecosystem to remain productive and diverse for generation after generation. Hence, sustainability is related to the ecosystems and environment. It is the socio-ecological procedure, which is characterized by the quest of a common purpose and ideology. The survival of the human beings and other organisms on earth is dependent on the sustainability of the environment. Thus, the equilibrium of the ecosystems and humans is essential for sustainability (Ekins et al. 2003). Sustainability is one of the most important criteria for the development of the specific source of environmental knowledge and the renewability or the awareness of the optimum use of resources is important for the existence of the whole ecology. The food chain system along with the impacts and affects of environmental concerns and biological resources are essential for the criteria studies highlight and focuses on the not support the stocks of the relevant of the Conserving the irreplaceable stocks of critical natural capital for the sake of future generation (UNDP 2017). There are two ideologies of sustainability: weak sustainability and strong sustainability. Weak sustainability refers to the concept in environmental economics that deals with the idea that natural capital can be substituted by human capital. Nobel laureate Robert Solow and John Hartwick have worked on weak sustainability. The idea states that the manufactured capital can take place of the natural capital, as long as it can be converted to manufactured capital of equal value. Thus, it states that natural and other manufactured capitals are perfectly substitutable, and there is no fundamental difference between the welfare generated by those (Kates 2010). Capital can be described as a factor that can produce a flow of goods and services to satisfy the human needs. It can be of four types: manufactured, human, social and natural. Manufactured capital is the tools and equipments manufactured by human beings, which helps in further production; human capital is the capacities of individuals for working; social capital is the system of networks, which coordinates the contributions of individuals, and lastly, natural capital is the environmental resources that are used in the production of goods and services (Davies 2013). The key idea of weak sustainability is the optimum allocation of the scarce natural resources to generate manufactured capital. It deals with the monetary compensation for the environmental degradation. The whole value of the total stock of capital should remain same or increased for the sake of future generation. Scientific approach is usually used for determining the thresholds of the natural capital valuations. The issues of weak sustainability are as follows. Monetary value can be assigned to the manufactured capital but it is extremely difficult to assign a money value to the natural capital. For example, coal is a natural capital, which is extracted by humans to produce electricity. Electricity is then used as a capital for industrial and residential purpose to produce more goods as well as to improve the quality of domestic life. Hence, electricity is a manufactured capital and has a monetary value, while coal is natural capital whose value is difficult to assign (Howes et al. 2010). Another issue in the concept of weak sustainability is that, it does not consider the fact that some natural capital cannot be substituted by manufactured or human capital. For example, the ozone layer, an ocean fishery, or a river full of salmon cannot be replaced by any human or manufactured capital (Oxley et al. 2014). In weak sustainability, the emphasis is on economic gains rather than on the ecological scale. It does not take into account that the natural capital should be passed on to the future generation in its original form. It focuses on the idea that human can use up the natural capital and degrade the environment as long as they can compensate the loss of natural capital with the human or manufactured capital i.e. skills, knowledge, technology, machineries, infrastructure etc. However, there should be limits to the level of replacement of the natural capital, which would keep the stock in its original form for the future generation (Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2013). These issues give rise to the idea of strong sustainability, which states that the natural capital is complementary to the human and manufactured capital. Complementarity is central to the concept of strong sustainability, which defines that in order to survive the raw materials for a longer period the available resources must be utilized in a sustainable way. The viability of the natural resources or the goods has a limited stock unlike weak sustainability, which depends on the technical abilities to produce new means of the resources. The context of strong sustainability refers to the best utilization of the resources with a coherent cooperation between the natural and human resources. Strong sustainability resolves on the fact that it is not sufficient to last if misused but the on the other hand weak sustainability solves the environmental issues in a mechanized manner (Martins 2016). Strong sustainability allows the optimum yet sufficient use of the resources provided by the nature to the humankind with an ideology that the services, which the capital provides, are non-renewable. It also resolves the key issues like presence of the rainforest and several natural properties like the water bodies, which has strong impacts while the ecosystem is prey to some sort of natural calamity like floods, mudslides, volcanoes etc. In fact, if there are less deforestation and less consumption of all the vacant lands eventually it affects the well being of the individual as well as the environment and eventually safeguards the social structures. The importance and significance of the natural resources help in associating with the sustainability programs for the future. As defined in the proposal of the United Nations Development Program, Todays generation cannot ask future generations to breathe polluted air in exchange for a greater capacity to produce goods and services. That would restrict the freedom of future generations to choose clean air over more goods and services (Ekins 2014). Strong sustainability do not support the replacement due to the importance of the available resources which is significant and necessary for the survival of the human kind but simultaneously weak sustainability cannot be achieved with the combined effort of the stocks and the human resources. The services, which are offered by the manufactured goods as well as the natural goods, can be contrasted to the point that one serves with a great quality and productivity but on the other hand, this is necessary for the importance of the survival of the humankind, which has social relevancy to the users of the services, human beings. Often it is necessary to take care of the non renewable source of energy like the oil and gas, minerals, sunshine etc which are called as the critical resources that cannot be produced or recreated of the sake of increased consumption (Agyeman 2008). The comparison is necessary to comprehend the issues that are resolved by the specific set of ecological and environmental values that must be assigned to the social beings so that it can avoid the risks that are involved in the degradation process of the ecosystem. Weak sustainability aims for a multidimensional approach but strong sustainability does not follow the patterns of this approach as it is of the value that the natural source must be infiltrated and have a specific set of items that are attached to the scenario of the ecosystem. In the concept of weak sustainability, there are certain hitches about the difference between manufactured and natural capital, which justify the concept of strong sustainability more. Strong sustainability refers to the arrangement consisting of developing biotic and a-biotic rudiments that cooperate in ways which establish the capacity of the ecosystems in an extensive manner. Manufactured or produced capital and natural capital are particularly two different issues that are responsible for the concept and comparison of the weak and strong sustainability (Ziegler and Ott 2015). Firstly, these two types of capital consist of a qualitative difference. While manufactured capital can be reproduced and the destruction is not irreversible, the natural capital stock is irreversible. Moreover, the effects of the destruction of natural capital on the human beings are not well defined. Hence, implementing a precautionary rule regarding the usage of natural capital is essential (Dale and Beyeler 2001). Secondly, the creation of manufactured capital requires the natural capital; hence, these two cannot be perfectly substitutable. Furthermore, the contributions of natural capital on the well-being of the humans are multidimensional. The strong sustainability concept focuses on the role of natural capital is central to the services provided by the ecosystem. This concept is a key point in the determination of the freedom of choice and action for the human beings. Hence, natural capital is seen as complementary to manufactured or human capital rather than being a substitute (Kates 2010). Thirdly, the loss in the stock of natural capital cannot be filled up as quickly as the rate of increase in the demand for the future consumption. The production of goods and services in the current generation by using the natural capital can decrease the stock for future generation. That reduces the freedom of choice for the future generation. Hence, conservation of natural capital is extremely essential for the sake of intergenerational justice issue (Agyeman 2008). Strong sustainability does not support the efficiency and collaboration of manmade and natural resources, but weak sustainability hardly disagrees on the combined effort of the two sources. The substitution of the resources is not allowed in the case of the strong sustainability, which on the other hand can be essentially utilized for the weak sustainability. The factors like critical natural capital along and ecological modernization aids in determining the aspects of strong and weak sustainability from a comparative viewpoint (Steffen and Smith 2013). Thus, strong sustainability holds the concept of unique contribution of the natural capital in the well-being of human beings, which makes the natural capital complementary to human or manufactured capital rather than being a substitute of that. Sustainability is one of the most important criteria for the development of the specific source of environmental knowledge and the renewability or the awareness of the optimum use of resources is important for the existence of the whole ecology. Conserving the irreplaceable stocks of critical natural capital for the sake of future generation is extremely significant. References: Ekins, P., Simon, S., Deutsch, L., Folke, C., De Groot, R., 2003. A framework for the practical application of the concepts of critical natural capital and strong sustainability. Ecological Economics, 44, 165185. Agyeman, J., 2008. Toward a just sustainability?.Continuum, 22(6), pp.751-756. Dale, V. and Beyeler, S., 2001. Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators.Ecological Indicators, 1(1), pp.3-10. Howes, M., McKenzie, M., Gleeson, B., Gray, R., Byrne, J. and Daniels, P., 2010. Adapting ecological modernisation to the Australian context.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 7(1), pp.5-21. Kates, R., 2010. Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology. 213. Davies, G.R., 2013. Appraising weak and strong sustainability: searching for a middle ground.Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development,10(1), pp.111-124. Oxley, L., Hanley, N., Greasley, D., Blum, M., McLaughlin, E., Kunnas, J. and Warde, P., 2014. Empirical testing of genuine savings as an indicator of weak sustainability: a three-country analysis of long run trends. Bond, A. and Morrison-Saunders, A., 2013. Challenges in determining the effectiveness of sustainability assessment. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Martins, N.O., 2016. Ecosystems, strong sustainability and the classical circular economy.Ecological Economics,129, pp.32-39. Ekins, P., 2014. Strong sustainability and critical natural capital.Handbook of Sustainable Development, pp.55-71. Steffen, W. and Smith, M.S., 2013. Planetary boundaries, equity and global sustainability: why wealthy countries could benefit from more equity.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,5(3), pp.403-408. Ziegler, R. and Ott, K., 2015. The quality of sustainability science: a philosophical perspective. InEthics of Science in the Research for Sustainable Development(pp. 15-44). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. UNDP. 2017. Sustainable Development Goals. [online] Available at: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html [Accessed 7 Apr. 2017].