International Negotiation & Bargaining Essay Example for Free

International Negotiation Bargaining Essay 1.- What, in general, did you learn about negotiation from the exercise? What surprised you? What would you do differently if you had a chance to do the exercise again? In general I learned that trust plays a significant role during negotiation; because here in this exercise and in the most cases of negotiation at the beginning you feel a hard atmosphere but to establish rapport is not an option. Then you need to get focus in the interest of each person and not just defending your position. It was good to us to open all the issues to resolve, so we are able to see the complete picture and not only one issue per time. This allows to use give the options necessary to give and receive and knowing what is the most matter to the other person and for me. I was surprised with one point I think was the point of the women during the excursion we both have the same interest, I noticed because my other part wants the same of me, and sometimes you believe that always will have opposing interests . I will do different definitely to trust more in my partner to be honest and since the begging tell him these are the things that they are most important for me, what are yours..? 2.- How did the actual outcome of the exercise compare to the pre-negotiation strategy you developed? How do you correlate preparation with outcome? As my professor mentioned that a Coach said: Failing in prepare, is preparing to fail. You need to develop your strategy and arguments to be consistent and explain very well the whys. I did not win in all the points that I wanted; but I did achieve the Best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA). Of course they have a positive correlation the more you prepare the more you achieve and vice versa. 3.- How did the concepts of preparation, power (structural and/or personal), relationship, interest, batna and or mutual gains, etc. addressed in the class and in the class readings (reference required) actually occur in this exercise? Well first this exercise began with a hard bargaining and realized because we both wanted to defend the position instead the interested and of course nobody has enough trust. I immediately try to change this because I had read that this kind of negotiation is going to fail, so I decided to apply the what I have learned and focus in the interests and to establish rapport as soon as posible. I listen well the interested and I try to be objettive, consistent and realistic with the whys and the reason that I want each point not just because I want, that could be the worst you can do, so preparation is very important because in a few words is how you are going to sell your idea or interest. I was very useful to know that we need to give a take process, and looking for a non-zero-sum, Win-Win. I think as the climber needs to be very carefully in what we say, how do we say and the tone, because not only the words give a message to the audience. For me, to open the negotiation and see several points (mutual gains) of the exercise instead one by one was the key of successful, because we were able to listen all the interests of each person, and this is the heart of negotiation. The main challenge for the climber is how to move for a Yielding or obliging to a compromising. BATNA is the result of having multiplies options in order to have a non-zero-sum we need explore each option a be able to give that message during the negotiation because BATNA will clarifies our plan B in case we do not achieve any agreement. In case my plan B is a good one or very strong I will have more power during the negotiation. It is very important to know both BATNAS in order to know the balance of the negotiation and how will be your approach, and style. REFERENCE: GETTING TO YES BY ROGER FISHER AND WILLIMA URY ESSENTIAL OF NEGOTIATION BY ROY J. LEWICKI, DAVID M SAUNDERS AND BRUCE BARRY BROADCAST ONE POWERPOINT UPDATED_REV1

Willing and Knowing :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Willing and Knowing ABSTRACT: This paper discusses W. K. Clifford's classic paper, "The Ethics of Belief," and the significance of his use of the locution "knowingly and willingly" in the context of morally irresponsible ignorance. It is argued that this locution can point to a very subtle and important distinction in the premisses of ethically responsible belief formation. An analysis of willful ignorance is then given. It is argued that, strictly speaking, there is no such thing as willful ignorance: what is called willful ignorance in ordinary language is just the phenomena of getting oneself knowingly to believe something by willingly and knowingly altering the evidence for one's belief, rather than the genuine phenomenon of getting oneself willingly to believe something against the evidence. The former phenomenon is not, however, morally approvable. Therefore, willfulness of belief is not a necessary condition of morally irresponsible ignorance. 1. There is a very famous passage in W. K. Clifford's classic paper "The Ethics of Belief" in which Clifford describes a shipowner who deceives himself to believe that his ship is seaworthy by 'knowingly and willingly' ignoring the evidence to the contrary, ie. by 'knowingly and willingly' changing the evidential situation that determines the content of his belief. According to Clifford, the shipowner's mental behaviour is unethical. He has no right to believe that the ship is seaworthy on such evidence as is before him. He is knowingly and willingly ignorant of the real condition of the ship and, as a consequence, carries moral responsibility for the consequences of his evil state of mind, consequences highlighted by the deaths of passengers and crew when the ship goes down. The question of why Clifford uses the words 'knowingly and willingly' when he describes the way in which the shipowner makes himself ignorant of the real condition of the ship is significant not only to Clifford's own theory but to the ethics of belief in general. One commentator (see Haack, forthcoming) has recently argued that Clifford really means 'willful ignorance' and just lacks in subtlety when he says 'knowingly and willingly'. The motive behind this interpretation is the view that only a person who is willfully ignorant of the evidence against her belief can carry moral responsibility for the consequences of the belief. In particular, involuntary ignorance, according to this view, has no such effect. I question this interpretation. In particular, I question the idea that the description of the shipowner's ignorance as 'knowingly and willingly' undertaken is somehow less subtle than its description as 'willfully' undertaken.

Legal Framework †Employement Act Essay

The company complained that Encik Pokok’s application for leave was only received by Encik Bunga on the 26th November 1996. The leave application was not approved because it was not following the company procedure and secondly, reasonable excuse was not given. Encik Pokok was dismissed without internal inquiry done. Encik Pokok claimed that he had submitted his leave application on the 23rd November 1996. His application was pass to his friend to be given to his supervisor, Encik Daun. He assumed that his leave application was authorized. Encik Pokok said that he went to the Pejabat Kadi on the 23rd November 1996 to settle his sister in law’s case and the next two days, to celebrate their engagement. For the 26th November 1996, he claimed he went to the labour office in Temerloh with his friend. Due to fatigue, he did not go to work. He made a verbal leave application to the company through one of the company’s officers who was available at that time. Encik Pokok claimed that he was unlawfully terminated. He complained that internal inquiry had to be done prior to his termination because it violates Section 14 of the Employment Act 1955 and Item 35 of the joint agreement. Power to make awards 35. —(1) A Court shall have power in relation to a trade dispute of which it has cognizance to make an award (including an interim award) relating to all or any of the industrial matters in dispute. (1A) A Court shall not consider a dispute relating to the dismissal of an employee or make an award relating to the reinstatement of an employee except in circumstances arising out of a contravention of section 82. 2) Notwithstanding subsection (1A), where an employee considers that he has been dismissed without just cause or excuse by his employer, in circumstances other than those arising out of a contravention of section 82, he may, within one month of such dismissal, make, through his trade union, representations in writing to the Minister to be reinstated in his former employment (3) The M inister may, before making decision on any such representations, by writing under his hand request the Commissioner to inquire into the dismissal and report whether in his opinion the dismissal is without just cause or excuse instated in his former employment. (4) The Minister, if he decides to deal with the representations himself, shall before making a decision thereon give an opportunity to the employer to make representations in writing as to the reasons why he considered the dismissal of the employee to be justified. 5) If, after considering the representations of the trade union and of the employer (if any) and any report made by the Commissioner under subsection (3), the Minister is satisfied that the employee has been dismissed without just cause or excuse he may, notwithstanding any rule of law or agreement to the contrary — (a) direct the employer to reinstate the employee in his former employment and to pay the employee an amount that is equivalent to the wages that the employee would have earned had he not been dismissed by the employer; or (b) direct the employer to pay such amount of wages as compensation as may be determined by the Minister. 5A) The employer shall comply with the direction of the Minister under subsec tion (5). (6) The decision of the Minister on any representations made under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be challenged in any court or in a Court established under this Act. 7) Any direction by the Minister under subsection (5) shall operate as a bar to any action for damages by the employee in any court in respect of the wrongful dismissal (8) An employer who fails to comply with the direction of the Minister under subsection (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. 9) Where an amount to be paid under subsection (5) is not paid in accordance with the direction of the Minister and the employer has been convicted of an offence under subsection (8), the amount, or so much thereof as remains unpaid, shall be recoverable by a District Court as if it were a fine and the amount so recovered shall be paid to the employe e entitled under the direction. Answer: As the defending lawyer, the Company did not make a correct decision in terminating Encik Pokok. The reason is because Encik Pokok has attempted to inform the Company by submitting the leave application form to Encik Daud through his friend on 23rd Nov 1996. Encik Pokok also made a verbal application for leave on the 26th November 1996 through a company official on duty at that time. This would mean that technically he was not absent for more than two consecutive days. Therefore ; According to Employment Act 1955, section 15(2), An employee shall be deemed to have broken his contract of service with the employer if he has been continuously absent from work for more than two consecutive working days without prior leave from his employer, unless he has a reasonable excuse for such absence and has informed or attempted to inform his employer of such excuse prior to or at the earliest opportunity during such absence. The Company also failed to conduct a domestic inquiry to give Encik Pokok a chance to defend himself and offer reasonable excuse why he failed to turn up for work. Therefore Section 14(1) of the Employment Act applies. According to Employment Act 1955 section 14(1), An employer may, on the grounds of misconduct inconsistent with the fulfillment of the express or implied condition of his service, after a due inquiry – (a) Dismiss without notice the employee; Habitual absenteeism (of less than two days at a time but on a frequent basis) would be defined as unauthorized absence from work on a certain number of days per month over a 6 month period. Initially warnings would be given, but if the absence persists, the employee may face dismissal. The failure to be punctual would be treated the same way as habitual absenteeism. In this case, the company failed to show whether Encik Pokok is a habitual absentee by not producing historical records of his attendance. However reported cases show that a breach of contract and termination are dealt as separate issues. As such a breach of contract may not lead to an automatic termination of employment. The consequence of such a breach would depend on the conditions of employment. Conclusion Encik Pokok was a victim of wrongful dismissal and the company must reinstate him immediately. The company has the right to issue written warning for the 24th and 25th November 1996 for unauthorized leave. Question 3 (b) You are defending lawyer for the Company. Has the Company made a correct decision in terminating Mr. Good . Discuss? Case facts: Mr. Good was charged with sleeping while on duty on 12th June 1997 at 7. 30pm in the music room at Tan Sri William Cheng’s house in Petaling Jaya. Mr. Good was instructed Vide a letter on 17th June 1997 to attend an inquiry on 20th June 1997 to hear the charge. Mr. Good says that he had been dismissed without due inquire. He denied that he had committed the offence alleged of and argued that the company had merely acted on suspicion. Answer: Company did not make a correct decision. This is due to the fact that Mr. Good was not caught sleeping red handed and Mr. Bad and Miss Sexy’s allegations were only implied. There were actually no eye witnesses. The court may conclude as it is only allegation as there is no evidence of Mr. Good committing the misconduct, as such the Company even failed to: 1) The Company did not conduct a domestic inquiry. The company should call for domestic inquire as it is an internal inquiry into some alleged misconduct by an employee. The main objectives of the domestic inquiry are to establish whether the alleged misconduct is proven or not and if the misconduct is proven, to recommend a punishment that is appropriate to the offence committed. The complainant is normally the management of the company but sometimes, can also be the victim of the alleged misconduct. At the domestic inquiry, the employer will present its case and the employee is given an equal opportunity to defend himself against the charges of misconduct. Under Employment Act 1955 Section14 (1) where an employer may on the grounds of misconduct inconsistent with the fulfillment of the express of implied conditions of his service, after due inquiry – 2) Absence of show cause letter or letter of disciplinary, As to Mr. Bad and Ms. Sexy’s statement on Mr. Good was caught committing the same offence 3 years ago, there were no records as the company did not issue any show cause letter or letter of disciplinary action. Conclusion The Company did not follow the proper dismissal procedures in accordance to Employment Act 1955, which relates to misconduct.

American South And German Imperialism Essay - 1257 Words

Alabama in Africa, written by Andrew Zimmerman, explains the history surrounding the relationship between slavery in the American South as well as in the African village of Togo, run by Germany. He opens with the importance of cotton in America’s social, political, and economic markets. Not only does Zimmerman explain the correlation between cotton and black labor, but he further explains black labor through Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute. The Tuskegee Institute is a continual concept played throughout the book, having a large impact on the German colony of Togo. There is a great deal of similarities between the American South and German imperialism, known as the global South. To Zimmerman, the idea of the global South is a novel concept. The concept of the global South began to grow its roots after the American Civil War. Following the Civil War, the South began to redevelop once they faced radical changes. One can see the transformations made in the South as internal colonization by the North. Even though it can be considered internal colonization, â€Å"as race became, for members of the Verein, including Du Bois, a transnational phenomenon, not localized in the southern United Sates or in eastern Prussia, but rather a global â€Å"color line,† the difference between internal and external colonization began to fade. Internal colonization became ever more like racial conquest in the 1890s.† With race, came the issues surrounding freedom and labor, â€Å"in Africa, as in theShow MoreRelatedSpheres Of Influence By Lloyd Gardner880 Words   |  4 Pagesspheres of influence, from an empire of imperialism to hegemony, concentrating on the development and rivalrous objectives of the Allied leadership durin g World War II (WWII), and the need to temporarily divide Europe. According to Gardner, American involvement in WWII became necessary for the safety and future of the United Kingdom and Russia, leading to an internal war among leaders, the birth of the American way of empire, and the widespread movement of American cultural and economic power, creatingRead MoreThe Great War Was A Cause Of World War I979 Words   |  4 Pagesthreatened by the plotting, scheming and hungry imperialism of its rivals. Nationalist and militarist assured people that if war erupted, their nation would emerge victorious and that they would always win because they believed that they could win no matter what. Pre-war nationalism was fueled by wars, imperial conquests and rivalry, political rhetoric, newspapers and popular culture, such as ‘invasion literature’ written by penny press novelists. Imperialism had a large role in paving the road to WorldRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy During World War II Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagescentury brought about changes in all aspects of American domestic society and especially in the course of U.S. Foreign Policy. The factors leading up to American involvement in the Spanish-American War of 1898 and in World War II, respectively, mark drastic shifts in domestic attitudes towards America’s role in the world. Ostensibly, the decisions to intervene in Cuba in 1898 and in Europe in 1917 were both products of aggressions against Americans at sea, endangered economic interests, and the fearRead MoreWar I ( 1914-1918 ) And World War II ( 1939-1945 )1407 Words   |  6 Pagesand French had secret alliances with Britain. Now comes Imperialism. Imperialism stands for â€Å"A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means†. Nations like Britain and French had lots of colonial powers in Africa, South-East Asia and South America. Places like Germany who did not have colonial powers. They wanted to grab some lands from France and Britain in Africa and South-East Asia. But France and Britain never wanted to give whatRead MoreCapitalism Has Evolved Into Imperialism1589 Words   |  7 PagesAt the turn of 19-20th centuries, capitalism has evolved into imperialism. The world was almost completely divided between the major powers. Uneven economic and socio-political development intensified. States, which entered the path of capitalist development (USA, Germany and Japan) after the others, quickly moved forward and pressed the old capitalist countries - Great Britain and France out of the global markets, aggressively seeking redistribution of colonies. The most acute contradictions haveRead MoreThe First World War : The Great War1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitarism, nationalism and the alliance systems. By examining the naval arms race the und oubted role of imperialism in the outbreak of the World War I can be studied. Although patriotism is a virtue which should be celebrated, nationalism on the other hand takes it to the extreme. Serbia and Austria were based on nationalistic values in the dawn of the twentieth century and originated from imperialism and led to the outbreak of World War I. Around 1000 A.D., the lands of Eastern and Central EuropeRead MoreThe Big Stick By William Allen Rogers1240 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt, a republican, was one of the first modern presidents the United States had encountered and he began to not only expand the power of the presidency but also industry, business and military. This time period in the United States was know as Imperialism. Roosevelt felt like the only way to expand the US power was to strengthen the Navy and create ports throughout the sea for worldwide trade. Artist William Allen Rogers,  a prolific artist during this time saw what Roosevelt was doing and drew aRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 PagesChapte r 33 Notes * Foundations of empire * Motives of imperialism * Modern imperialism * Refers to domination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personalRead MorePresident Woodrow Wilson s View Of Neutrality1259 Words   |  6 PagesWilson aimed to deal with all participants in the war in a fair way that did not show signs of allegiance to either side as he tried to help find a way towards peaceful resolution. Happenings in Europe soon changed Wilson’s view of neutrality. Many American lives had been lost at sea after the sinking of the Lusitania and other ships due to Germany’s unrestricted submarine attacks. Germany refused to alter their methods which forced Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war in 1917. At this timeRead MoreWorld War I Was The War That Shaped The Future Of The 20th Century Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesstance of isolationism from conflicts in Europe and Asia. To further assert their stance on isolationism the United States passed the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 which stated that any attempt by a European nation to colonize or interfere with North and South American would be seen as an act of aggression. The United States isolationist stance would allow them to expand their borders and industrialize there country as well as their military. The ended of the 19th century showed the quick industrialization

Competition and Basic Needs Essay examples - 1143 Words

Social Interaction is the interactive process by which a person learn the rules of norms of a society. There are many different types of social interaction but competition is a main one that is very present in societies today. Competition is the act of competing against someone or something when a resource or action is needed and there is a low supply of it. Competition is not only found between two or more people but also in a variety of other areas in society. Unbroken, a novel written by Laura Hilenbaug, talks about various aspects of competition in society. She talks about the struggles of a solider fighting in World War II and his daily obstacles he has to overcome. Louis Zamperini is the main character in the book and following his†¦show more content†¦The idea of competing for his needs of survival. Competition comes into play when limited resources are at hand that there is usually enough to go around. Water and Food are the main ones but there is also shelter and cl othing that people need and have to have that there is competition for. Competition for basic needs is substantially higher in times of hardship and struggle for people.5 Louis, when out at war, got stranded on a raft in the open ocean with two others, there was a struggle and low supply of food and water. Louis was always catching something and fighting to get food or fresh water. Louis always was angered by the sharks roaming around the life rafts, and he finally made the decision to catch a shark to get revenge. Louis tried and failed to catch a larger shark, but when a little one swam by he grabbed it and killed and ate only the liver. From then on the other sharks saw the humans as a threat to them.6 Humans usually compete for needs and a mate, when the competition is high in a society this tends to make more conflicts arise and cause more struggles for them. When basic needs that people are used to having in a society become scarce there is a natural force of competition prese nt even though it may not seem like it.7 In the novel, when Louis is at a prison camp ran by the Japanese, the food was scarce. This caused many problemsShow MoreRelated3# Building Vision. The Successful Firms, Who Are The Leading1059 Words   |  5 Pagesgo? and how we will be there? The vital recognition combination of: †¢ Basic Business values. †¢ Basic reason of existence. Basic values of a Business are hard to achieve for any organization .a guiding approach through a firm can achieve its mission and vision. if the environment of any organization is changed ,than the organization must revitalize its values, that can achieve its mission and vision up to benchmark. 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While the proposed rule would make cable providers â€Å"deviate from ‘market-driven’Read MoreBusiness Strategy: The 3Cs Model of Ohmae1081 Words   |  4 Pagescustomer, and the competition. Each of these â€Å"strategic three Cs† is a living entity with its own interests and objectives. We shall call them, collectively, the â€Å"strategic triangle†,’ says Ohmae. Seen in this context, the job of the strategist is to achieve superior performance, relative to competition, in the key factors for success of the business. In addition, other job of the strategist is to be sure that his strategy prop erly matches the strengths of the corporation with the needs of a clearly defined

The Effects Of Mental Illness On The United States

The United States is a frontrunner in global topics such as women’s rights and environmental issues. However, when discussing mental illness the United States chooses to look at the subject in a mindset that is stuck in the 1950’s using the â€Å"don’t ask don’t tell† policy. The federal government has only begun to recently talk about mental illness and its effects in the media. Yet, when they do this they choose to cover topics such as ‘gun rights’ with mental illness, while the real topic of conversation is the future treatment for those with mental illness, and how the United States plans on eliminating the stigma that surrounds mental health. To understand the effect of mental illness in the United States you have to examine the past and see how certain issues were resolved. In the 19th century the first known global mental health activist was Dorothea Dix. Her work helped to bring awareness to the topic of mental health and allowed treatment in this field to become more well known. During this time she visited a jail in Massachusetts where she saw that criminals, mentally ill individuals, and people with developmental disabilities were living in unsanitary conditions together. Dorothea’s work helped people to open up their original thoughts and beliefs about mental illness being an actual illness and not being treated as a disease. Today many nonprofit and advocacy groups have limited resources and human capital in the area of research and awareness campaignsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sand y Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as theyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Media Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is often wrongly portrayed in the United States’ media creating stigmatization and misrepresentation. Mental illness â€Å"refers to a wide range of mental disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Examples of disorders include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Any â€Å"negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are called stigma† (Wilson et al., 2016, p. 2) and stigma can contributeRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On The Development Of Emotional Problems Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pagescorrelation between poverty and mental illness has been shown through numerous studies dating back to the 1930s, but the nature of the relationship is complex and not fully understood (Kuruvill, et. al., 2007). The mentally ill are at an increased risk of becoming and staying poor; conversely, the impoverished are at a greater risk of becoming mentally ill. In fact, the poor are twice as likely to have a common mental disorder (WHO, n.d.). This paper will consider the effects of poverty on the developmentRead MoreEssay On Mental Health Care1221 Words   |  5 PagesSoumerai, S. B., Mclaughlin, T. J., Ross-Degnan, D., Casteris, C. S., Bollini, P. (1994). Effects of Limiting Medicaid Drug-Reimbursement Benefits on the Use of Psychotropic Agents and Acute Mental Health Services by Patients with Schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine,331(10), 650-655. doi:10.1056/nejm199409083311006 This study provides information on two Medicaid claims the first one was at psychiatric hospital in New Hampshire where Medicaid had a three-prescription limit over the 11-monthRead MoreVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory1461 Words   |  6 PagesVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory Rates of mental illness are rising among Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. This social problem has had significant consequences, such as spikes in homelessness, unemployment and suicides in this population. Many argue there are too many barriers to mental health treatment in a society that stigmatizes mental illness and undervalues mental health care. Research supports this assertion, particularly within the Veteran population (Greene-ShortridgeRead MoreTheu.s. Gun Violence Is Becoming A Very Critical Issue As Death Tolls Increase1111 Words   |  5 Pagesvery critical issue as death tolls increase. In 2015, the Unites States had an average of one mass shooting per day, meaning there have been no shootings in which four or more people have been killed by a single gunman. As hundreds of people die each year from gun violence, strengthening the United States gun laws in becoming a necessity to reduce violence, as done in other countries; however, because of the belief that mental illness is the primary cause of gun violence, political lobbying, and theRead MoreTransition From Rural And Urban Environments1541 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization came urbanization. The United Nations reports that In the middle of the 20th century, 30 percent of people resided in urban areas. Today, over half of the world’s population lives in urban environments, and this figure is expected to increase anywhere from ten to twenty percent in the next few decades (United Nations). Europe and the Americas are the most highly urbanized places, but countries in all parts of the world are urbanizing at increasing rates (United Nations). The rise of peopleRead MoreLack Of Treatment For Mental Illness1523 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Health Association defines ‘good’ health as: â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† However, in the United States, access to care and fundin g for mental health care are grossly neglected and underfunded in comparison to other aspects of health care. At the individual level, lack of proper treatment for poor mental health and mental illness has a detrimental effect. At a population level, society also suffers from theRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Academic Performance916 Words   |  4 Pagesall young persons will deal with mental illness (Shirk and Jungbluth 217). Only around a third of these children will receive professional treatment (United States Public Health Service qtd. in Shirk and Jungbluth 222). Because of the risk of suicide in mentally ill young people, it is crucial that mental health services are readily available to our youth in school settings. Therefore, schools should administer mandatory mental health screenings because mental illness often affects academic performanceRead MoreMental Illness1511 Words   |  7 Pageshave all had some subjection to mental illness, yet do we truly comprehend it or know what mental illness is? Are we able to grasp how it effects an individual, and how it arises to begin with? â€Å"A mental illness can be defined as a health condition that changes a persons thinking, feelings, or behavior (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning† (Defining Mental Illness, 1970). Likewise, with numerous illnesses, mental illness is extreme at times and subdued

Technical and Professional Communication

Question: Discuss about the Technical and Professional Communication. Answer: Introduction Communication is all about exchange of information. It regards to understanding the emotion as well as intentions behind the information. Effective communication in organization is a two-way channel (Coombs, 2014). It does not does deal with the message that has been obtained and also recognized by somebody in the precise way they designed , however it entails precisely how one may pay attention the full that means of what exactly is becoming said and providing the further person feel heard as well as understood. Having an effective communication channel tend to deepen on connection to others and improve teamwork in organization (Eisenberg, Goodall and Trethewey, 2013). Additionally, it provides ability to communicate assertively, and understand of ones emotions and those persons you are communicating with (Eunson, 2007). In this essay, it will elaborate on different methodologies of communication, the main issues in communicating more effectively, barriers to communication and how t o resolve them. Moreover, it will examine on a range of improvement to the existing practices and lastly recommendation that could be instigated. Methodologies in effective communication Due to limited communications in the organization, the survey was not as effective and resourceful as it should have been. The following were issues arising from the communication issues that arose because of the breakdown. Firstly, a lot of communication messages were not relayed to the surveyors that were on site leading to a limited survey conducted leading to some tasks not dully completed (Dainton and Zelley, 2014). This led to an inconclusive and an incomprehensive report that cannot be fully relied upon. Secondly, due to poor or lack of mobile phone signals especially in remote areas, the safety of the surveyors was compromised and led to poor results that were gathered. The third and the most significant issue that arose was that of response to clients queries. Poor mobile signals meant that the response to queries presented by the clients was all not adequately addressed and these led to a stream of complaints that arose. Due to these factors that negatively affected communications between the office and the surveyors, there were a number of issues that could have been considered. Among these issues are the methodologies of effective communication (Ferraro and Brody, 2015). The most common standard of communication are writing and speaking. Most of the communication is practically oral although in modern age communication with the rise in communication technology has led to increase in written communication. In most offices, the sender and the receivers mostly talk via emails, telephones, and internet -conferencing. While the sender speaks in oral or written, the receiver listens and may send feedbacks (Coombs, 2014). Communication is an element of great importance in human relations, the human being, by nature, requires interacting with other people to be able to satisfy their needs of affection and socialization, this is achieved through various means of communication. The present research, tries to enter the reader, in the wide scope of the organizational communication. All of us know it, and if not with textual words, at least in essence, that communication is the process by which a person transmits information to another person, and is the goal of all communication. In the case of companies, in particular, the transmission of information is a daily activity and of great importance, that is why there is, "organizational communication". Generally, in this area, obstacles or barriers that prevent the correct process of transmission of business, personal or organizational data arise. In the first section, the concept of organizational communication is defined; in the second section, the elements that comprise a communication process are deepened. In the third section, the issue of formal and informal communication within an organization is addressed; In the fourth section, the subject of internal and external communication is touched, in order to fall into the section, which talks about the flows that can follow this internal communication (Ferraro and Brody, 2015). It also deals with the issue of barriers in communication and finally the audit in the communications process. Communication in organizations In communication, organizations need to comply, keep dating and innovating in modes and methods of communications. The effectiveness of the report is dependent on the strength of communication that communication to flow freely within the organization. Communication is an element of great importance in human relations, the human being, by nature, requires interacting with other people to be able to satisfy their needs of affection and socialization, this is achieved through various means of communication. Effective Communication in organizations Organizations need to keep up to date and comply with the market dynamism, which enables the company to stay in the market. Communication in an organization is a critical tool and directly affects the companys results (Leonard, Graham and Bonacum, 2004). Organizational communication allows the staff of the company to have the knowledge of human resources, productivity in various departments and development of the company. The organizational climate is closely related to the work environment that exists in the companies or educational institutions and of this climate in the organization will depend the good performance of the same and of how productive this organization is. It is for this reason that the group of measurable properties of a work environment is recognized as an organizational climate, as perceived by those who work in it. It should be noted that for companies or educational institutions it is extremely important to measure and know the climate within their organization, as this can significantly influence positively or negatively the results. Numerous studies have confirmed that the organizational climate can make the difference between a well-performing and low-performing educational enterprise and institution. It is important to emphasize the following elements of the organizational climate: The climate refers to the characteristics of the working environment. The worker who works in this environment directly and indirectly (Rayudu, 2010) perceive these characteristics. The climate has repercussions on the job behavior. These kind of features of the business are comparatively permanent in time; they vary from one organization to another. Climate, as well as the organizational structures and the people, who compose it, form an extremely dynamic independent system. The organizational climate is an intervening occurrence that mediates between the aspects of the organizational system and motivational tendencies that represent a behavior that has consequences on the business (efficiency, satisfaction and rotation). The organizational climate originates in a great variety of factors: Such as Leadership and management practice (types of supervision: authoritarian and participative, etc. Factors associated the system form and structure of the organization (communications system, dependency interactions, promotions and remunerations. The outcomes of employee behavior (incentive systems, social support, encounter along with other people, etc.). It is for this reason that institutions must be managed based on the importance of generating pleasant and productive working climates where each participant is informed of the organization's intention and of establishing concrete action plans for each individual through communication (Jenkins and Williamson, 2015). The organization, with objectives, goals and deadlines, thus creating a total positive impact among the stakeholders. For effective communication to be achieved in an organization there is need for proper channelling of information from the source to the recipient. Timing is also another issue that determines how effective communication will be. Proper timing ensures that work is done effectively and for this kind of organization, there can be proper flow of information both internally and externally. The barriers to communication and how they can be overcome Perhaps, we never think about it, but whenever two individuals communicate many things happen, in the simplest and also daily, mutual communication, the messages disintegrates in inquiries, solutions, answers, and occasionally clarifications. A basic interaction implies a lot, that others could have trouble comprehending, particularly if the topic was intricate, you will find disruptions, or perhaps something. There are several barriers in effective communication (Rayudu, 2010). They include language barriers, this is where the receiver cannot effectively understand the message delivered or communicated as it is different from what he or she speaks or hears. Such barriers are corrected by use of speech translators. These are mostly used in foreign relationships departments by the different governments. The issue of the poor response to the needs and queries of the clients have increased due to the barriers to communication. These barriers are the following: semantic obstacles, psychological obstacles, organizational barriers, personal barriers, cross culture barriers, and physical barriers. The semantic barriers tend to be concerned with the issues and obstruction during this process of encoding as well as decoding of the message into the words or impressions. These messages usually results on the account of using wrong words, or translating differently. Another barrier is the socio-psychological barriers. Individuals have feeling, desires, fear, attitudes, views and opinions. Some of the issues are formed because of the background of the social environment, while others are formed by individuals own intelligence, education and individual experience. Any one of these factors impact on the way individuals react to the message. Organizational barriers are another barrier to communica te effectively (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel and Roy, 2015). This barrier relates to the structure of the organization, authority relationships, and the rules and regulations. The response to the queries of the client from being handled could have resulted from this barriers, especially where is lack of proper incentives, unwillingness to communicate or perhaps lack of the confidence of the superior to their subordinates which make the employees to be reluctant on their jobs. Cross culture barrier is another hindrance to communication. In a thriving global marketplace requires having an effective communication across cultures. It is important to learn about the cultural barriers to be able to communicate more effectively in the workplace and to effectively take a quiz to the test of ones knowledge. Physical barriers hinders effective communication in the workplace (Rayudu, 2010). There are various physical elements, which could prevent a person from having effective communication. The physical barriers usually relates to the disturbance to the immediate milieu that could interfere to the channel of communication. The physical factors, which can hinder communication, could be either environmental, distance or perhaps ignorance of the medium (Hamilton, 2013). Additionally, noise has been also the main barrier to effective communication especially where the manager wants to rely information to the subordinates and peers. Geographical barriers are another issue that arises in communication. Invention of technology has led to minimization of language barriers by the sender and the receiver. Email, telephone calls and even postal letters have done a lot to reduce this barrier (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). Most recently, social media platforms like Facebook and twitter has led to a much simplified communication system since the world is covered like a village. The barriers to effective communication usually exists in all the developing organization to a greater degree. Many companies are keep to develop an effective channel for communication and they need to adopt measures that are suitable to overcome on these barriers and consequently improve effective communication (Kinloch and Metge, 2014). Noise has been the main barrier to effective communication. It has been regarded as the random and continual disturbance, which decreases, or even confuses on the clarity of the quality of the message, that is being transmitted. Any interference, which requires between the sender and receiver, could be hindered by noise. The main reason for noise during this process of communication might be the supposition that regards the behave of communication as simply a basic process, which would not involve owning any specific thought or maybe a practice (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel and Roy, 2015). Useful communication includes both study and practice. The prac tice relies upon the capabilities of the both the sender and receiver. In conquering this hurdle, one have to discover on the source. Once the source has been identified, steps might be drawn in order to overcome it. Moreover, the sender and receiver of the message might help develop on the flowof communication. Another way to eliminate communication barrier is to eliminate differences in the perception (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig, 2013). The organization should always ensures that they recruit the right kind of individuals on the job. There is need to have proper induction program in order to ensure policies of the organization are clear to all the workers. Proper training could be an effective way to help employees especially on their voice and accent training. Moreover, organization should not have complex structures (Jenkins and Williamson, 2015). The number of the hierarchical levels needs to be ideal . Perfect span of control within the organization should exists , and structur e which are simple are important for useful communication ( Mishra , Boynton and Mishra , 2014 ) . In any interaction, you can find need to have feedback. The feedback is the response as well as without this, the senders of the message are unable to know whether the recipient carries received the message or held on the purpose of it (Whittle and Myrick, 2016). Want occurs to evidently understand the feedback as it regulates both the transmission and reception. Feedback is very important because it controls the means of communication, and reinforces and stimulates it. Furthermore, it may serve as the hallmark of the dialogue, as it forces communication and makes it to be dual. An alternative way to overcome barriers of communication is to have a suitable media selection (Hurtig and Downey, 2008). The manager need to decide on the medium of communication. Simple messages needs to be conveyed orally, for instance face-to-face interaction (Whittle and Myrick, 2016). The utilization of w ritten way of the communication could be utilized for providing of intricate messages. In the case of the company identified in this study, messages were not been relayed effectively (Hurtig and Downey, 2008). This could be because of non-effective media were selected to relay the information. Focusing on proper media could have been used. Moreover, for the important message reminder as well as notices could be used to relay messages such as memos and Notices. Range of improvements to existing practices of communication There are wide range of improvement to the existing practices of communication. One such element is strategy referred to as KISS (Suter, Arndt, Arthur, Parboosingh, Taylor and Deutschlander, 2009). It means that one should keep it short and simple. This has been recent norm to effective communication where the message should be clear, concise and complete. It is vital to make sure that the audience have the full message since one may have one opportunity to put over the message (Zikmund, Babin, Carr and Griffin, 2013). There has been development messaging for communication practices. In irrespective of the stakeholder audience, the enterprise should take care in making sure there is certainly a definite and consistent message, which delivers on the precise details on the costs of the project, duration, and benefits. Building on reliability is essential in communication (Eunson, 2007). There has been development of messaging which has input from numerous groups within the organization to be able to make sure that information is complete and accurate. Numerous communication practices have been implemented in order to make communication more efficient such methods are signage. An additional practice, which has progressed, is the utilization of the public feedback. When you use communication strategies, which are much more interactive and offer the opportunity for the stakeholders to providing the opinions (Cornelissen, 2014). The workers have to be more organized and develop a process for assessing public speaking. Evaluating of the feedback, one need to recognize the limitation and the potential of bias in the collection procedures and considering part in using of information. Recommendations Effective communication has become one of the important aspect of personal as well as professional success to the increase world of relationship and networking. Communication has become a significant element to predict our success. Communication could be used to gain social power and impact to environment in positive manner or negative if not approached well. For communication in a business to be effective there should be transparency. The managers and the owners of the business should keep employees informed in regards to the general operation of the company and the goals. In the case of the company for this study, they were facing various issues such as information not being relayed to the surveyors who are out of sites and issues of safety especially those who are working in the remote locations. The managers should encourage communication between the workers and the management in order to resolve on the issues that are affecting them to enable them to work more effectively. Havin g open door policy, which allows the employees to resolve their issue by speaking directly the higher ups would be a good way to start. Transparency elements helps to build loyalty of the employees and increase retention rates. Encouraging relationship building is another effective way to enable there is communication in the workplace (Zikmund, Babin, Carr and Griffin, 2013). 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